Backend setup

SkyWalking’s backend distribution package consists of the following parts:

1. bin/cmd scripts: Located in the /bin folder. Includes startup Linux shell and Windows cmd scripts for the backend server and UI startup.

2. Backend config: Located in the /config folder. Includes settings files of the backend, which are:

   • application.yml
   • log4j.xml
   • alarm-settings.yml

3. Libraries of backend: Located in the /oap-libs folder. All dependencies of the backend can be found there.

4. Webapp env: Located in the webapp folder. UI frontend jar file can be found here, together with its webapp.yml setting file.

Requirements and default settings

Requirement: Java 11/17/21.

Before you begin, you should understand that the main purpose of the following quickstart is to help you obtain a basic configuration for previews/demos. Performance and long-term running are NOT among the purposes of the quickstart.

For production/QA/tests environments, see Backend and UI deployment documents.

You can use bin/startup.sh (or cmd) to start up the backend and UI with their default settings, set out as follows:

• Backend storage uses H2 by default (for an easier start)
• Backend listens on 0.0.0.0/11800 for gRPC APIs and 0.0.0.0/12800 for HTTP REST APIs.

In Java, DotNetCore, Node.js, and Istio agents/probes, you should set the gRPC service address to ip/host:11800, and IP/host should be where your backend is.

• UI listens on 8080 port and request 127.0.0.1/12800 to run a GraphQL query.

Interaction

Before deploying Skywalking in your distributed environment, you should learn about how agents/probes, the backend, and the UI communicate with each other:

• Most native agents and probes, including language-based or mesh probes, use gRPC service (core/default/gRPC* in application.yml) to report data to the backend. Also, the REST service is supported in JSON format.
• UI uses GraphQL (HTTP) query to access the backend, also in REST service (core/default/rest* in application.yml).

Startup script

The default startup scripts are /bin/oapService.sh(.bat). Read the start up mode document to learn other ways to start up the backend.

Key Parameters In The Booting Logs

After the OAP booting process completed, you should be able to see all important parameters listed in the logs.

2023-11-06 21:10:45,988 org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.starter.OAPServerBootstrap 67 [main] INFO  [] - The key booting parameters of Apache SkyWalking OAP are listed as following.

Running Mode                               |   null                  
TTL.metrics                                |   7                     
TTL.record                                 |   3                     
Version                                    |   9.7.0-SNAPSHOT-92af797
module.agent-analyzer.provider             |   default               
module.ai-pipeline.provider                |   default               
module.alarm.provider                      |   default               
module.aws-firehose.provider               |   default               
module.cluster.provider                    |   standalone            
module.configuration-discovery.provider    |   default               
module.configuration.provider              |   none                  
module.core.provider                       |   default               
module.envoy-metric.provider               |   default               
module.event-analyzer.provider             |   default               
module.log-analyzer.provider               |   default               
module.logql.provider                      |   default               
module.promql.provider                     |   default               
module.query.provider                      |   graphql               
module.receiver-browser.provider           |   default               
module.receiver-clr.provider               |   default               
module.receiver-ebpf.provider              |   default               
module.receiver-event.provider             |   default               
module.receiver-jvm.provider               |   default               
module.receiver-log.provider               |   default               
module.receiver-meter.provider             |   default               
module.receiver-otel.provider              |   default               
module.receiver-profile.provider           |   default               
module.receiver-register.provider          |   default               
module.receiver-sharing-server.provider    |   default               
module.receiver-telegraf.provider          |   default               
module.receiver-trace.provider             |   default               
module.service-mesh.provider               |   default               
module.storage.provider                    |   h2                    
module.telemetry.provider                  |   none                  
oap.external.grpc.host                     |   0.0.0.0               
oap.external.grpc.port                     |   11800                 
oap.external.http.host                     |   0.0.0.0               
oap.external.http.port                     |   12800                  
oap.internal.comm.host                     |   0.0.0.0               
oap.internal.comm.port                     |   11800       

• oap.external.grpc.host:oap.external.grpc.port is for reporting telemetry data through gRPC channel, including native agents, OTEL.
• oap.external.http.host:oap.external.http.port is for reporting telemetry data through HTTP channel and query, including native GraphQL(UI), PromQL, LogQL.
• oap.internal.comm.host:oap.internal.comm.port is for OAP cluster internal communication via gRPC/HTTP2 protocol. The default host(0.0.0.0) is not suitable for the cluster mode, unless in k8s deployment. Please read Cluster Doc to understand how to set up the SkyWalking backend in the cluster mode.

application.yml

SkyWalking backend startup behaviours are driven by config/application.yml. Understanding the settings file will help you read this document.

The core concept behind this setting file is that the SkyWalking collector is based on a pure modular design. End-users can switch or assemble the collector features according to their unique requirements.

In application.yml, there are three levels.

1. Level 1: Module name. This means that this module is active in running mode.
2. Level 2: Provider option list and provider selector. Available providers are listed here with a selector to indicate which one will actually take effect. If only one provider is listed, the selector is optional and can be omitted.
3. Level 3. Settings of the chosen provider.

Example:

storage:
  selector: mysql # the mysql storage will actually be activated, while the h2 storage takes no effect
  h2:
    properties:
      jdbcUrl: ${SW_STORAGE_H2_URL:jdbc:h2:mem:skywalking-oap-db;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1;DATABASE_TO_UPPER=FALSE}
      dataSource.user: ${SW_STORAGE_H2_USER:sa}
    metadataQueryMaxSize: ${SW_STORAGE_H2_QUERY_MAX_SIZE:5000}
  mysql:
    properties:
      jdbcUrl: ${SW_JDBC_URL:"jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/swtest?allowMultiQueries=true"}
      dataSource.user: ${SW_DATA_SOURCE_USER:root}
      dataSource.password: ${SW_DATA_SOURCE_PASSWORD:root@1234}
      dataSource.cachePrepStmts: ${SW_DATA_SOURCE_CACHE_PREP_STMTS:true}
      dataSource.prepStmtCacheSize: ${SW_DATA_SOURCE_PREP_STMT_CACHE_SQL_SIZE:250}
      dataSource.prepStmtCacheSqlLimit: ${SW_DATA_SOURCE_PREP_STMT_CACHE_SQL_LIMIT:2048}
      dataSource.useServerPrepStmts: ${SW_DATA_SOURCE_USE_SERVER_PREP_STMTS:true}
    metadataQueryMaxSize: ${SW_STORAGE_MYSQL_QUERY_MAX_SIZE:5000}
  # other configurations

1. storage is the module.
2. selector selects one out of all providers listed below. The unselected ones take no effect as if they were deleted.
3. default is the default implementor of the core module.
4. driver, url, … metadataQueryMaxSize are all setting items of the implementor.

At the same time, there are two types of modules: required and optional. The required modules provide the skeleton of the backend. Even though their modular design supports pluggability, removing those modules does not serve any purpose. For optional modules, some of them have a provider implementation called none, meaning that it only provides a shell with no actual logic, typically such as telemetry. Setting - to the selector means that this whole module will be excluded at runtime. We advise against changing the APIs of those modules unless you understand the SkyWalking project and its codes very well.

The required modules are listed here:

1. Core. Provides the basic and major skeleton of all data analysis and stream dispatch.
2. Cluster. Manages multiple backend instances in a cluster, which could provide high throughput process capabilities. See Cluster Management for more details.
3. Storage. Makes the analysis result persistent. See Choose storage for more details
4. Query. Provides query interfaces to UI.
5. Receiver and Fetcher. Expose the service to the agents and probes, or read telemetry data from a channel.

FAQs

Why do we need to set the timezone? And when do we do it?

SkyWalking provides downsampling time-series metrics features. Query and store at each time dimension (minute, hour, day, month metrics indexes) related to timezone when time formatting.

For example, metrics time will be formatted like yyyyMMddHHmm in minute dimension metrics, which is timezone-related.

By default, SkyWalking’s OAP backend chooses the OS default timezone. Please follow the Java and OS documents if you want to override the timezone.